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SpringBoot整合LocalDateTime

一、为什么使用LocalDateTime

LocalDateTime 和 Date 是 Java 中处理日期和时间的两种不同的类,在 JDK8 中引入了 java.time 包。LocalDateTime 相比 Date 有一些优势,主要体现在以下几个方面:

  • 不可变性(Immutability):
    • LocalDateTime 是不可变的类,一旦创建就不能被修改。任何对 LocalDateTime 的操作都会返回一个新的对象,而不会修改原始对象。这有助于避免在多线程环境中的并发问题。
  • 线程安全性:
    • 由于 LocalDateTime 是不可变的,因此它天然具有线程安全性,可以在多线程环境中安全使用。
  • 可读性和易用性:
    • LocalDateTime 提供了更加清晰和直观的API,使得处理日期和时间更加易读、易用。例如,通过使用方法链式调用,可以轻松地执行各种操作,而不需要复杂的日期格式化和解析。
  • 更好的API设计:
    • LocalDateTime 提供了更丰富、灵活和易用的API,允许进行各种日期和时间的操作,例如增减天数、小时、分钟等。而 Date 的 API相对较为古老和不够直观。
  • 时区处理:
    • LocalDateTime 能够更好地处理时区信息,通过 ZonedDateTime 类可以轻松转换到不同的时区。而 Date 类在处理时区时较为复杂,通常需要使用 Calendar 类。

总的来说,LocalDateTime 提供了更现代、清晰和强大的日期和时间处理功能,使得开发者更容易编写可读性高且可维护性强的代码。在新的代码中,特别是在使用 JDK 8 及更新版本的项目中,推荐使用 LocalDateTime 替代 Date。

二、使用LocalDateTime遇到的问题

众所周知,SpringBoot会自动对前端的传值进行解析,将 HttpServletRequest 中的请求内容,转换成后端 Controoler 控制器中的实体类参数,但在实际使用 LocalDateTime 作用参数时,我们会发现 SpringBoot 好像不能正常工作了,下面是两个问题例子。

  • GET请求使用 LocalDateTime 作为参数

下面是使用 @RequestParam 和 @PathVariable 两种最常见的用法示例

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@RestController
public class LocalDateTimeController {
@GetMapping("/resolveRequestParamDateTime")
public void resolveRequestParamDateTime(@RequestParam LocalDateTime dateTime) {
System.out.println("ok");
}

@GetMapping("/resolvePathVariableDateTime/{dateTime}")
public void resolvePathVariableDateTime(@PathVariable LocalDateTime dateTime) {
System.out.println("ok");
}
}

点击运行,无论是第一个还是第二个方法,都会出现如下异常

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org.springframework.web.method.annotation.MethodArgumentTypeMismatchException: Failed to convert value of type 'java.lang.String' to required type 'java.time.LocalDateTime'; nested exception is org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionFailedException: Failed to convert from type [java.lang.String] to type [@org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable java.time.LocalDateTime] for value '2023-01-01 12:12:12'; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Parse attempt failed for value [2023-01-01 12:12:12]
at org.springframework.web.method.annotation.AbstractNamedValueMethodArgumentResolver.resolveArgument(AbstractNamedValueMethodArgumentResolver.java:133)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.resolveArgument(HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.java:121)

Caused by: org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionFailedException: Failed to convert from type [java.lang.String] to type [@org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable java.time.LocalDateTime] for value '2023-01-01 12:12:12'; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Parse attempt failed for value [2023-01-01 12:12:12]
at org.springframework.core.convert.support.ConversionUtils.invokeConverter(ConversionUtils.java:47)
at org.springframework.core.convert.support.GenericConversionService.convert(GenericConversionService.java:191)

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Parse attempt failed for value [2023-01-01 12:12:12]
at org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionService$ParserConverter.convert(FormattingConversionService.java:223)

Caused by: java.time.format.DateTimeParseException: Text '2023-01-01 12:12:12' could not be parsed at index 2
at java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter.parseResolved0(DateTimeFormatter.java:1949)
  • POST请求体中使用 LocalDateTime 作为参数
    下面是使用 @RequestBody 的示例

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    @RestController
    public class LocalDateTimeController {

    @PostMapping("/resolveBodyDateTime")
    public void resolveBodyDateTime(@RequestBody ResolveBody body) {
    System.out.println("ok");
    }

    @Data
    private static class ResolveBody {
    private LocalDateTime dateTime;
    }
    }

    点击运行,会出现如下异常

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    org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException: JSON parse error: Expected array or string.; nested exception is com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.MismatchedInputException: Expected array or string.
    at [Source: (PushbackInputStream); line: 1, column: 1]
    at org.springframework.http.converter.json.AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter.readJavaType(AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter.java:245)
    at org.springframework.http.converter.json.AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter.read(AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter.java:227)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver.readWithMessageConverters(AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver.java:205)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.readWithMessageConverters(RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.java:158)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.resolveArgument(RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.java:131)
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.resolveArgument(HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.java:121)

    Caused by: com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.MismatchedInputException: Expected array or string.
    at [Source: (PushbackInputStream); line: 1, column: 1]
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.MismatchedInputException.from(MismatchedInputException.java:59)
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext.reportInputMismatch(DeserializationContext.java:1442)
  • 简单分析

观察堆栈错误信息,在使用 GET 请求时抛出的异常的 MethodArgumentTypeMismatchException ,而使用 POST请求时抛出的异常是 HttpMessageNotReadableException 。
二者最外层抛出的异常不一样,但是我们继续往下看最内层抛出的异常, GET 请求的报错很明显就是 String 类型不能被转换为 LocalDateTime 类型抛出的异常,POST请求抛出的是 jackson 反序列化类型不匹配的异常。
通过分析可得,上述 GET 和 POST 请求的报错,都是由于 SpringBoot 未能正常将参数中 String 类型转换为 LocalDateTime 类型抛出的。

三、异常源码分析

通过堆栈信息可以看出,我们的请求链路在进行参数解析,也就是走到spring mvc 的HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.resolveArgument()这个方法时发生的异常,从这个方法入手debug打断点依次往下执行,一直走到最内层的堆栈位置,也就是实际进行参数解析的核心代码,下面列出实际参数解析代码。

  • GET请求

第13行就是实际的转换代码,走到这里时spring拿到的converter是通过WebMvcAutoConfiguration类自动装配注入的FormattingConversionService对象 ,但是这个converter默认情况下并不能将String转换为LocalDateTime

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@Nullable
public Object convert(@Nullable Object source, @Nullable TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType) {
Assert.notNull(targetType, "Target type to convert to cannot be null");
if (sourceType == null) {
Assert.isTrue(source == null, "Source must be [null] if source type == [null]");
return this.handleResult((TypeDescriptor)null, targetType, this.convertNullSource((TypeDescriptor)null, targetType));
} else if (source != null && !sourceType.getObjectType().isInstance(source)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Source to convert from must be an instance of [" + sourceType + "]; instead it was a [" + source.getClass().getName() + "]");
} else {
GenericConverter converter = this.getConverter(sourceType, targetType);
if (converter != null) {
# 这里去做类型转换
Object result = ConversionUtils.invokeConverter(converter, source, sourceType, targetType);
return this.handleResult(sourceType, targetType, result);
} else {
return this.handleConverterNotFound(source, sourceType, targetType);
}
}
}
  • POST请求
    在第11~12行就是实际的转换代码,走到这里时spring拿到的converter是 MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter ,但是这个converter并不能将String转换为LocalDateTime

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    for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
    Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType = (Class<HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass();
    GenericHttpMessageConverter<?> genericConverter =
    (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null);
    if (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType) :
    (targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType))) {
    if (message.hasBody()) {
    HttpInputMessage msgToUse =
    getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
    # 这里去做类型转换
    body = (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, msgToUse) :
    ((HttpMessageConverter<T>) converter).read(targetClass, msgToUse));
    body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, msgToUse, parameter, targetType, converterType);
    }
    else {
    body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
    }
    break;
    }
    }

    MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter的read解析方法继续往后走,调用的是父类AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter的read方法,实际的解析方法就是第18行的ObjectMapper类的readValue方法

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    @Override
    public Object read(Type type, @Nullable Class<?> contextClass, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
    throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException {

    JavaType javaType = getJavaType(type, contextClass);
    return readJavaType(javaType, inputMessage);
    }

    private Object readJavaType(JavaType javaType, HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException {
    try {
    if (inputMessage instanceof MappingJacksonInputMessage) {
    Class<?> deserializationView = ((MappingJacksonInputMessage) inputMessage).getDeserializationView();
    if (deserializationView != null) {
    return this.objectMapper.readerWithView(deserializationView).forType(javaType).
    readValue(inputMessage.getBody());
    }
    }
    # jackson实际解析
    return this.objectMapper.readValue(inputMessage.getBody(), javaType);
    }
    catch (InvalidDefinitionException ex) {
    throw new HttpMessageConversionException("Type definition error: " + ex.getType(), ex);
    }
    catch (JsonProcessingException ex) {
    throw new HttpMessageNotReadableException("JSON parse error: " + ex.getOriginalMessage(), ex, inputMessage);
    }
    }
  • 问题分析

SpringBoot GET请求参数类型转换使用的是GenericConversionService类里注册的一个个GenericConverter;String转LocalDateTime类型默认情况下的StringToLocalDateTimeConverter不能正常解析。
SpringBoot POST请求参数类型转换使用的是AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver类里List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters里注册的一个个HttpMessageConverter;String转LocalDateTime类型默认情况下的MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter不能正常解析,也就是默认的ObjectMapper不能正常解析。

四、解决思路

通过上述问题分析,下面有两种解决思路(推荐第二种)

  • 通过配置使得默认的StringToLocalDateTimeConverter支持GET请求String转LocalDateTime类型,默认的MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter支持POST请求String转LocalDateTime类型
  • spring注入GenericConverter类型的Bean支持GET请求String转LocalDateTime类型,注入ObjectMapper类型的Bean支持POST请求String转LocalDateTime类型

4.1、GET请求解决思路

  GET请求解决思路,通过阅读源码,可以发现以下三种springboot为用户预留出来的实现方式:
  • application.yml配置

在2.3.x以上版本,springmvc增加了日期时间格式配置,并且可以将格式注册到对应的日期解析器中

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// springboot自动装配WebConversionService对象
@Bean
public FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService() {
WebMvcProperties.Format format = this.mvcProperties.getFormat();
WebConversionService conversionService = new WebConversionService((new DateTimeFormatters()).dateFormat(format.getDate()).timeFormat(format.getTime()).dateTimeFormat(format.getDateTime()));
// 这里允许用户自定往容器中添加Converter
this.addFormatters(conversionService);
return conversionService;
}
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private void addFormatters(DateTimeFormatters dateTimeFormatters) {
// 这是默认情况下springboot自动注入的日期格式解析器
this.registerJsr310(dateTimeFormatters);
this.registerJavaDate(dateTimeFormatters);
}

registerJsr310就是注册LocalDateTime日期解析器的具体方法,继续往里走中我们可以看到这一行代码
registry.addFormatterForFieldAnnotation(new Jsr310DateTimeFormatAnnotationFormatterFactory());
所以我们可以知道
  • 使用@DateTimeFormat注解

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    public void registerFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
    // 这里可以拿到application.yml配置文件指定的格式
    DateTimeFormatter df = this.getFormatter(DateTimeFormatterRegistrar.Type.DATE);
    DateTimeFormatter tf = this.getFormatter(DateTimeFormatterRegistrar.Type.TIME);
    DateTimeFormatter dtf = this.getFormatter(DateTimeFormatterRegistrar.Type.DATE_TIME);
    registry.addFormatterForFieldType(LocalDate.class, new TemporalAccessorPrinter(df == DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE ? DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE : df), new TemporalAccessorParser(LocalDate.class, df));
    registry.addFormatterForFieldType(LocalTime.class, new TemporalAccessorPrinter(tf == DateTimeFormatter.ISO_TIME ? DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_TIME : tf), new TemporalAccessorParser(LocalTime.class, tf));
    registry.addFormatterForFieldType(LocalDateTime.class, new TemporalAccessorPrinter(dtf == DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME ? DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME : dtf), new TemporalAccessorParser(LocalDateTime.class, dtf));

    // 使用@DateTimeFormat注解来帮忙完成LocalDateTime类型的解析
    registry.addFormatterForFieldAnnotation(new Jsr310DateTimeFormatAnnotationFormatterFactory());
    }
  • 向容器中添加自定义Converter

我们在WebConversionService对象自动装配方法中看到了这行代码:this.addFormatters(conversionService);这其实就是springboot为用户预留的拓展方法,它支持用户向容器中添加自定义Converter

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// WebMvcAutoConfiguration.WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter#addFormatters()方法
public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
ApplicationConversionService.addBeans(registry, this.beanFactory);
}

// ApplicationConversionService#addBeans()方法
public static void addBeans(FormatterRegistry registry, ListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
Set<Object> beans = new LinkedHashSet();
beans.addAll(beanFactory.getBeansOfType(GenericConverter.class).values());
beans.addAll(beanFactory.getBeansOfType(Converter.class).values());
beans.addAll(beanFactory.getBeansOfType(Printer.class).values());
beans.addAll(beanFactory.getBeansOfType(Parser.class).values());
Iterator var3 = beans.iterator();

// spirngboot会扫描ioc容器中以下所有类型的bean,并添加到WebConversionService中
while(var3.hasNext()) {
Object bean = var3.next();
if (bean instanceof GenericConverter) {
registry.addConverter((GenericConverter)bean);
} else if (bean instanceof Converter) {
registry.addConverter((Converter)bean);
} else if (bean instanceof Formatter) {
registry.addFormatter((Formatter)bean);
} else if (bean instanceof Printer) {
registry.addPrinter((Printer)bean);
} else if (bean instanceof Parser) {
registry.addParser((Parser)bean);
}
}
}

4.2、POST请求解决思路

通过异常源码分析我们可以得知,由于jackson也就是ObjectMapper对象在默认情况下并不能完成LocalDateTime类型的解析,所有需要对jackson进行配置;通过阅读源码,以下有两种解决方式:

  • 配置类注入Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer类型的Bean对jackson进行配置(推荐)

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    @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    @ConditionalOnClass(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.class)
    static class JacksonObjectMapperBuilderConfiguration {

    @Bean
    @Scope("prototype")
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder jacksonObjectMapperBuilder(ApplicationContext applicationContext,
    List<Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer> customizers) {
    Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder = new Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder();
    builder.applicationContext(applicationContext);
    // ioc容器中获取所有Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer类型的bean, 调用customize方法配置Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder
    customize(builder, customizers);
    return builder;
    }

    private void customize(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder,
    List<Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer> customizers) {
    for (Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer customizer : customizers) {
    customizer.customize(builder);
    }
    }

    }
  • 直接注入ObjectMapper类型的Bean进行覆盖

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    @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    @ConditionalOnClass(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.class)
    static class JacksonObjectMapperConfiguration {

    @Bean
    @Primary
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    ObjectMapper jacksonObjectMapper(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder) {
    // 通过Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder构建出ObjectMapper
    return builder.createXmlMapper(false).build();
    }
    }

五、解决方案落地

5.1、GET请求解决方案

  • application.yml配置
    SpringBoot2.3.x以及更高的版本,springmvc增加了日期时间格式配置,既可以解决LocalDateTime类型参数解析,也可以解决Date类型参数解析

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    spring:
    mvc:
    date: yyyy-MM-dd
    time: HH:mm:ss
    date-time: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
  • 注解配置
    SpringBoot针对LocalDateTime类型解析增加了@DateTimeFormatter注解,可以在请求参数中加上这个注解完成解析

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    @RestController
    public class LocalDateTimeController {
    @GetMapping("/resolveRequestParamDateTime")
    public void resolveRequestParamDateTime(@RequestParam @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") LocalDateTime dateTime) {
    System.out.println("ok");
    }

    @GetMapping("/resolvePathVariableDateTime/{dateTime}")
    public void resolvePathVariableDateTime(@PathVariable @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") LocalDateTime dateTime) {
    System.out.println("ok");
    }
    }
  • Java Config注入Bean

在Spring IOC容器中注入Converter,SpringBoot会自动将IOC容器中的Converter放到GenericConversionService中

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@Configuration
public class LocalDateTimeConfig {
@Bean
public Converter<String, LocalDateTime> stringToLocalDateTimeConverter() {
return new Converter<String, LocalDateTime>() {
@Override
public LocalDateTime convert(String source) {
return LocalDateTimeUtil.parseNormDatetime(source);
}
};
}

@Bean
public Converter<String, LocalDate> stringToLocalDateConverter() {
return new Converter<String, LocalDate>() {
@Override
public LocalDate convert(String source) {
return LocalDateTimeUtil.parseNormDate(source);
}
};
}

@Bean
public Converter<String, LocalTime> stringToLocalTimeConverter() {
return new Converter<String, LocalTime>() {
@Override
public LocalTime convert(String source) {
return LocalDateTimeUtil.parseNormTime(source);
}
};
}
}

5.2、POST请求解决方案

  • 注解配置
    在实体类的字段上使用@JsonFormat注解配置格式,使用 @JsonSerialize注解配置序列化器,使用 @JsonDeserialize注解配置反序列化器

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    @RestController
    public class LocalDateTimeController {

    @PostMapping("/resolveBodyDateTime")
    public void resolveBodyDateTime(@RequestBody ResolveBody body) {
    System.out.println("ok");
    }

    @Data
    private static class ResolveBody {
    @JsonSerialize(using = LocalDateTimeSerializer.class)
    @JsonDeserialize(using = LocalDateTimeDeserializer.class)
    @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
    private LocalDateTime dateTime;
    }
    }
  • Java Config注入Bean

在Spring IOC容器中注入Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer类型的Bean可以对Jackson进行自定义配置;也可以直接注入一个ObjectMapper进行替换

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@Configuration
public class LocalDateTimeConfig {
@Bean
public Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer() {
return new Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilderCustomizer() {
@Override
public void customize(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder jacksonObjectMapperBuilder) {
final JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();
javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDate.class, new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd")));
javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalTime.class, new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm:ss")));

javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDateTime.class, new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDate.class, new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd")));
javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalTime.class, new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm:ss")));

jacksonObjectMapperBuilder
.modules(javaTimeModule)
.featuresToDisable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES)
.featuresToDisable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS)
.simpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
.timeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8"))
.locale(Locale.CHINA);
}
};
}
}